Nawratek, K., 2017.

Introduction

<jats:p>Urban re-industrialization could be seen as a method of in-creasing business effectiveness in the context of a politically stimulated 'green economy'; it could also be seen as a nostalgic mutation of a creative-class concept, focused on 3D printing, 'boutique manufacturing' and crafts. These two notions place urban re-industrialization within the context of the current neoliberal economic regime and urban development based on property and land speculation. Could urban re-industrializa-tion be a more radical idea? Could urban re-industrialization be imagined as a progressive socio-political and economic project, aimed at creating an inclusive and democratic society based on cooperation and a symbiosis that goes way beyond the current model of a neoliberal city?In January 2012, against the backdrop of the financial crisis that began in 2008, Krzysztof Nawratek (leader of the Master of Architecture program at Plymouth University) published a text in opposition to the fantasy of a 'cappuccino city' arguing that the post-industrial city is a fiction, and that it should be replaced by 'Industrial City 2.0'.</jats:p>