Beecroft, M., 2026.

Interlooped: An Investigation into the Creative Opportunities Afforded by the Re-materialisation of Knit-based Structures via 3D Printing Technologies

This practice-based PhD investigates the creative opportunities afforded by the digital re-materialisation of knit-based structures through 3D printing technologies. While existing literature on 3D-printed textiles predominantly focuses on discontinuous, modular assemblies (such as chainmail-like structures), there has been limited exploration of the potential offered by knit-derived geometries. This research addresses that gap by examining how the structural logic of knitting can inform the development of novel textile-inspired forms through 3D printing. The aim of this study is to explore how knit-based principles can be translated into digitally modelled, 3D-printed structures, and how these may offer new design and performance possibilities. Through a body of practice-based work, the research engages critically with the broader discourse of post-digital textiles (Igoe, 2018; Fernandes-Marcos, Pereira, 2022) and adopts a holistic approach to technology as a form of practice (Franklin, 1990). The investigation is situated within a material-driven design (MDD) framework, drawing particularly on Karana, Barati, Rognoli, and Zeeuw Van Der Laan's (2015) work to support a reflective and iterative making process. Methodologically, the research adopts a pragmatic approach to technology (Dewey), positioning 3D printing not only as a tool for fabrication but as a medium for material inquiry and creative exploration. The project is underpinned by an interpretivist stance that values experimentation, iteration, and tacit knowledge. A series of prototypes are developed and critically evaluated to explore emergent mechanical and aesthetic behaviours. Semi-structured interviews with expert practitioners support the analysis by offering insight into material performance and identifying potential application areas where these structures may contribute to design and technological innovation. This research contributes to knowledge in two key ways: first, by demonstrating how digitally re-materialised knit structures can produce novel mechanical behaviours that differ from both traditional textiles and standard 3D-printed forms; and second, by highlighting how playful, exploratory engagement with 3D printing can lead to unexpected functional and aesthetic outcomes. Additionally, the study extends the applicability of Karana, Barati, Rognoli, and Zeeuw Van Der Laan's (2015) MDD framework, showing its relevance to future speculative design practices in the context of 3D-printed textiles.